Greater Roadrunner
The cuckoo family (Cuculidae) is represented in Arizona by the following species- Greater Roadrunner, the Yellow-billed Cuckoo and the range-limited Groove-billed Ani. These birds are distinctive for their slender bodies, long tails, and often secretive habits.
The Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) is the most widespread member of the family in Arizona, found in deserts, grasslands, and scrublands throughout much of the state. Known for its terrestrial lifestyle, it can run at remarkable speeds while pursuing prey such as lizards, snakes, and insects, though it also takes small birds and mammals. Its loud cooing calls and striking appearance make it one of Arizona’s most iconic birds.
Another representative is the Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), a summer breeder that favors dense riparian woodlands with cottonwoods and willows. Though declining in much of its range, Arizona still supports important breeding populations, especially along the San Pedro and Verde rivers. Its distinctive “kowlp” calls often betray its presence before it is seen.
Occasionally, anis—tropical members of the cuckoo family—wander north into Arizona. The Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris), more common in Mexico, has been recorded in the southern part of the state, especially near the border. These large, black, long-tailed cuckoos are social and often found in small groups, easily identified by their heavy, ridged bills and nasal calls.