The Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl is a small, stocky owl about 6.5–7 inches long with a long tail, rounded head lacking ear tufts, and reddish-brown upperparts contrasting with a whitish, heavily streaked chest and belly. Its yellow eyes and prominent black-and-white “false eyes” on the back of the head are distinctive. In Arizona, this species is rare and localized, primarily inhabiting desert scrub and riparian woodlands with mesquite, cottonwood, and willow in the south-central and south-eastern parts of the state. Historically more widespread, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls have declined due to habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly from urban development and the removal of mature riparian trees. They hunt primarily by day, feeding on small birds, insects, reptiles, and mammals, often perching conspicuously while scanning for prey. The species nests in old woodpecker cavities, especially those of Gila Woodpeckers and Northern Flickers in saguaros or large trees. In Arizona, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls are considered a species of conservation concern, with recent conservation efforts focused on habitat restoration and protection of remaining breeding territories.
