The Brown-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus) is a summer resident in southeastern Arizona, where it inhabits riparian woodlands, desert washes lined with mesquite (Prosopis spp.), sycamore (Platanus wrightii), and cottonwood (Populus fremontii). This large flycatcher is one of the bigger members of the genus Myiarchus, and it can be distinguished from the similar Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens) by its more robust build, darker and heavier bill, and louder, more emphatic calls. The Brown-crested Flycatcher’s vocalizations, including its characteristic “whit-will-do” song, are often the best way to separate it.
In Arizona, Myiarchus tyrannulus arrives from its wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America during late April and remains until August or September. Breeding occurs primarily in lowland areas, with nests placed in natural cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes, often in sycamores, cottonwoods, or large mesquites. Like other Myiarchus flycatchers, the species frequently incorporates shed snake skins into its nest lining.
The range of Myiarchus tyrannulus in Arizona is largely confined to the southern and southeastern portions of the state, especially in Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima counties, though it can also be found sparingly along the lower Gila and Salt Rivers. Its presence is closely tied to mature riparian vegetation, making habitat loss along rivers a potential threat to its long-term status in the state.
