Merlins are small, fast-flying falcons that occur in Arizona mainly as winter visitors and migrants. Slightly larger than an American Kestrel, they have a compact, powerful build, sharply pointed wings, and a rapid, direct flight. Adult males typically show blue-gray upperparts and a faintly streaked chest, while females and immatures are brown above with heavier streaking below. Merlins do not breed in Arizona, but they arrive from northern breeding grounds in late fall and can be found in open country, grasslands, agricultural areas, and urban parks, often preying on small birds such as sparrows and shorebirds, which they capture in swift aerial chases. They are more frequently observed during migration and winter in the state’s lowlands, especially where prey is abundant. Although considered uncommon, their bold hunting behavior and powerful flight make them a striking sight for Arizona birders during the cooler months.
