The Dusky Flycatcher is a small member of the tyrant flycatcher family that breeds in montane coniferous forests across the western United States, including Arizona. In the state, it is most often encountered in higher elevations of the Mogollon Rim, the White Mountains, and the forested slopes of the “sky islands” in southeastern Arizona. It favors open coniferous woodland, especially ponderosa pine, mixed fir, and aspen habitats, often at elevations above 6,000 feet during the breeding season.
Identification of Empidonax oberholseri can be challenging, as it closely resembles other members of the genus Empidonax. It is typically distinguished by its overall grayish-brown plumage, pale eye ring, narrow bill, and a slightly longer tail. Its soft “whit” call note and distinctive harsh song are often the most reliable field marks for separation from similar species such as the Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) and Hammond’s Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii).
In Arizona, Empidonax oberholseri is a summer breeder and migrant, arriving in late April to May and departing by September. It gleans insects from foliage and makes short sallying flights to capture prey midair. While widespread in suitable mountain habitats, it is not typically found in the low deserts or grasslands of the state. During migration, individuals may appear at lower elevations in riparian corridors or woodlands.
